False Dawn Protest Democracy and Violence in the New Middle East by Steven Cook

Half a decade after Arabs across the Middle East poured into the streets to demand change hopes for democracy have disappeared in a maelstrom of violence and renewed state repression. Egypt remains an authoritarian state Syria and Yemen are in the midst of devastating civil wars Libya has descended into anarchy and the selfdeclared Islamic State rules a large swath of territory. Even Turkey which also experienced largescale protests has abandoned its earlier shift toward openness and democracy